GENDER IN LANGUAGE PROJECT
SPANISH LOANWORDS IN TAGALOG
by CARMELA BLAZADO
This resource attempts to list all Spanish loanwords in Tagalog that have masculine-feminine gender distinctions. It does not list loanwords that do not show masculine-feminine gender distinctions, like those ending in -e (e.g. estudyante 'student') or -ista (e.g. artista 'artist'). A large part of Tagalog's gendered content exists due to the influence of Spanish colonialism, which formally lasted from 1565 until 1898. During this time, hundreds of Spanish loanwords were borrowed into Tagalog, many of them with canonical (e.g. amerikano/amerikana 'American') or noncanonical (e.g. abyadór/abyadóra 'aviator') Spanish inflectional gender morphology. Others were lexical gender items in Spanish (pairs which do not differ maximally by gender morpheme, but by some other feature) which subsequently became lexical gender items in Tagalog (e.g. aktór 'actor'/aktrís 'actress'). The first 17 sections of this resource list Spanish loanwords with inflectional gender morphology alphabetically. The final section lists lexical gender items in Tagalog derived from Spanish.
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—A
MASCULINE
FEMININE
abandonado
'abandoned'
abarisyoso
'greedy'
abenturero
'adventurer'
abenturero, abenturoso
'adventurous'
abnegado
'selfless'
abogado, abugado
'lawyer'
abonado, abunado
'subscriber'
abusado
'abused'
abusero
'abuser'
abyadór
'aviator'
abyerto
'open'
adiposo
'adipose'
adúlteró
'adulterer, adulterous'
aéreó
'aerial'
agnóstikó
'agnostic'
agraryo
'agricultural'
agrasyado
'charming'
agustino
'Augustinian'
akadémykó
'academic'
albino
'albino'
alehandrino
'from Alexandria'
alemán, ulimán
'German'
alemánikó
'Germanic'
alternatibo
'alternative'
alerto
'alert'
alhebraiko
'algebraic'
alkalino
'alkaline'
alternatibo
'alternative'
alumno
'student'
ambisyoso
'ambitious'
amerikano, kanô
'American'
amigo
'friend'
amoroso
'loving'
andino
'Andean'
anémikó
'anemic'
anghelito
'little angel'
anglómanó
'Anglomaniac'
anónimó
'anonymous'
antátrikó
'Antarctic'
antilyano
'Antillean'
antipátikó
'mean, disagreeable'
apgano
'Afghan'
apirmatibo
'afirmative'
arhentino
'Argentine'
aristokrátikó
'aristocratic'
armadór
'shipowner'
armenyo
'Armenian'
ártikó
'arctic'
asado
'roasted'
atomikó
'atomic'
atraktibo
'attractive'
australiano, australyano
'Australian'
austriako
'Austrian'
abandonada
'abandoned'
abarisyosa
'greedy'
abenturera
'adventurer'
abenturera, abenturosa
'adventurous'
abnegada
'selfless'
abogada, abugada
'lawyer'
abonada, abunada
'subscriber'
abusada
'abused'
abusera
'abuser'
abyadóra
'aviator'
abyerta
'open'
adiposa
'adipose'
adúlterá
'adulterer, adulterous'
aéreá
'aerial'
agnóstiká
'agnostic'
agrarya
'agricultural'
agrasyada
'charming'
agustina
'Augustinian'
akadémyká
'academic'
albina
'albino'
alehandrina
'from Alexandria'
alemána
'German'
alemániká
'Germanic'
alternatiba
'alternative'
alerta
'alert'
alhebraika
'algebraic'
alkalina
'alkaline'
alternatiba
'alternative'
alumna
'student'
ambisyosa
'ambitious'
amerikana
'American'
amiga
'friend'
amorosa
'loving'
andina
'Andean'
anémiká
'anemic'
anghelita
'little angel'
anglómaná
'Anglomaniac'
anónimá
'anonymous'
antátriká
'Antarctic'
antilyana
'Antillean'
antipátiká
'mean, disagreeable'
apgana
'Afghan'
apirmatiba
'afirmative'
arhentina
'Argentine'
aristokrátiká
'aristocratic'
armadóra
'shipowner'
armenya
'Armenian'
ártiká
'arctic'
asada
'roasted'
atomiká
'atomic'
atraktiba
'attractive'
australiana, australyana
'Australian'
austriaka
'Austrian'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—B
MASCULINE
FEMININE
babilónikó
'Babylonian'
bailarín, baylarín
'dancer'
balensyano, valenciano
'Valencian'
bandolero
'bandit'
banidoso
'vain'
bárbaro
'barbarian'
beato
'sanctimonious'
bedwino
'Bedouin'
benediktino
'Benedictine'
benepisyaryo, benepisaryo
'beneficiary'
benesyano
'Venetian'
berlinés
'from Berlin'
bibliógrapó
'bibliographer'
bibliyotekaryo
'librarian'
bilyako, belyako
'wicked'
birtuoso, birtuwoso
'virtuous'
bisiro
'bull calf'
bisyoso
'vicious'
biyahero
'traveler'
biyudo
'widow'
bobo, bubo
'idiot'
boluntaryo, buluntaryo
'volunteer'
botánikó
'botanical'
botikaryo, butikaryo
'pharmacist'
brasileyno
'Brazilian'
británikó
'British'
bruho, buruho
'wizard'
búlgaró
'Bulgarian'
bulkánikó
'volcanic'
burdadór
'embroiderer'
babilóniká
'Babylonian'
bailarína, baylarína
'dancer'
balensyana, valenciana
'Valencian'
bandolera
'bandit'
banidosa
'vain'
bárbara
'barbarian'
beata
'sanctimonious'
bedwina
'Bedouin'
benediktina
'Benedictine'
benepisyarya
'beneficiary'
benesyana
'Venetian'
berlinésa
'from Berlin'
bibliógrapá
'bibliographer'
bibliyotekarya
'librarian'
bilyaka, belyaka
'wicked'
birtuosa, birtuwosa
'virtuous'
bisira
'bull calf'
bisyosa
'vicious'
biyahera
'traveler'
biyuda
'widow'
boba
'idiot'
boluntarya, buluntarya
'volunteer'
botániká
'botanical'
botikarya, butikarya
'pharmacist'
brasileyna
'Brazilian'
britániká
'British'
bruha, buruha
'witch'
búlgará
'Bulgarian'
bulkániká
'volcanic'
burdadora, burdadera
'embroiderer'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—D
MASCULINE
FEMININE
daltonyano
'color blind'
danés
'Danish'
dansarín
'dancer'
danubyano
'Danubian'
dekano
'dean'
delikado, dilikado
'delicate'
demostino
'Demosthenian'
desesperado
'desperate'
desidido
'decided'
deskarado
'shameless'
despatsadór, dispatsadór
'fast'
desposado
'newlywed'
diborsiyado
'divorced'
dinamarkés
'from Denmark'
diplomátikó
'diplomatic'
direkto
'direct'
direktór
'director'
disgrasyado
'wretched'
disípuló
'disciple'
doktór
'doctor'
doméstikó
'domestic'
dormitoryano
'resident of dormitory'
dramátikó
'dramatic'
dudoso
'suspicious'
daltonyana
'color blind'
danésa
'Danish'
dansarina
'dancer'
danubyana
'Danubian'
dekana
'dean'
delikada
'delicate'
demostina
'Demosthenian'
desesperada
'desperate'
desidida
'decided'
deskarada
'shameless'
despatsadóra, dispatsadóra
'fast'
desposada
'newlywed'
diborsiyada
'divorced'
dinamarkésa
'from Denmark'
diplomátiká
'diplomatic'
direkta
'direct'
direktóra
'director'
disgrasyada
'wretched'
disípulá
'disciple'
doktóra
'doctor'
doméstiká
'domestic'
dormitoryana
'resident of dormitory'
dramátiká
'dramatic'
dudosa
'suspicious'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—E
MASCULINE
FEMININE
edukado
'educated'
ehipsyo, ehípsiyó
'Egyptian'
eksterno, esterno
'external'
elektibo
'elective'
embahadór
'ambassador'
empermero
'nurse'
empleado, empleyado
'employee'
enamorado
'in love'
enemigo
'enemy'
engkantado, ingkantado
'enchanted'
enkarnadino
'blood red'
enkarnado
'red, flesh colored'
ensíklikó
'circular'
entremetido
'meddlesome'
eredero
'heir'
eskandaloso, iskandaloso
'scandalous'
eskosés
'Scottish'
eskotado, iskutado
'low-cut'
eslobako
'Slovakian'
espanyol
'Spanish'
estétikó
'aesthetic'
estranghero
'foreign, foreigner'
estrikto, istrikto
'strict'
eurupeo
'European'
edukada
'educated'
ehipsya, ehípsiyá
'Egyptian'
eksterna, esterna
'external'
elektiba
'elective'
embahadóra
'ambassador'
empermera
'nurse'
empleada
'employee'
enamorada
'in love'
enemiga
'enemy'
engkantada, ingkantada
'enchanted'
enkarnadina
'blood red'
enkarnada
'red, flesh colored'
ensíkliká
'circular'
entremetida
'meddlesome'
eredera
'heir'
eskandalosa, iskandalosa
'scandalous'
eskosesa
'Scottish'
eskotada, iskutada
'low-cut'
eslobaka
'Slovakian'
espanyola
'Spanish'
estétiká
'aesthetic'
estranghera
'foreign, foreigner'
estrikta, istrikta
'strict'
eurupea
'European'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—G
MASCULINE
FEMININE
gago
'stuttering'
galés
'Welsh'
gastador
'big spender'
gástrikó
'gastric'
gautso
'cowboy'
grasyoso
'funny'
griego, griyego
'Greek'
guwapo
'good-looking'
gaga
'stuttering'
galésa
'Welsh'
gastadora
'big spender'
gástriká
'gastric'
gautsa
'cowboy'
grasyosa
'funny'
griega, griyega
'Greek'
guwapa
'good-looking'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—H
MASCULINE
FEMININE
habanés
'Javanese'
hako
'old horse'
hakobino
'Jacobin'
hayitano
'Haitian'
heneratibo
'generative'
henobés
'Genoese'
heolóhikó
'geological'
hibraltarenyo
'from Gibraltar'
higantón
'giant'
hispánikó
'Hispanic'
hitano
'gypsy'
humento
'donkey'
huwisyoso
'sensible'
habanesa
'Javanese'
haka
'old horse'
hakobina
'Jacobin'
hayitana
'Haitian'
heneratiba
'generative'
henobésa
'Genoese'
heolóhiká
'geological'
hibraltarenya
'from Gibraltar'
higantóna
'giant'
hispániká
'Hispanic'
hitana
'gypsy'
humenta
'donkey'
huwisyosa
'sensible'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—I
MASCULINE
FEMININE
ihado
'godson'
iho
'son'
ilustrado
'illustrated'
indonesyo
'Indonesian'
ingkantador
'charming'
ingkorporado
'incorporated'
ingkilino
'tenant'
ingrato
'ungrateful'
ionospérikó
'iconospheric'
irlandés
'Irish'
iskrupuloso
'scrupulous'
isponghado
'spongy'
istérikó
'hysterical'
istúpido
'stupid'
italyano
'Italian'
ihada
'goddaughter'
iha
'daughter'
ilustrada
'illustrated'
indonesya
'Indonesian'
ingkantadora
'charming'
ingkorporada
'incorporated'
ingkilina
'tenant'
ingrata
'ungrateful'
ionospériká
'iconospheric'
irlandésa
'Irish'
iskrupulosa
'scrupulous'
isponghada
'spongy'
istériká
'hysterical'
istúpida
'stupid'
italyana
'Italian'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—K
MASCULINE
FEMININE
kahero
'cashier'
kalyehero
'from/of the street'
kamarero
'waiter'
kamelyo
'camel'
kampesino
'peasant'
kandidato
'candidate'
kanonisado
'canonized'
kantado
'predictable'
kantinero
'bartender'
kapitán
'capitan'
kapritsoso
'capricious'
karinyoso
'loving'
kasero
'homebody, homemade'
kásto
'chaste'
katólikó
'Catholic'
kaukáseó
'Caucasian'
kebrado
'bankrupt'
kerelyadór
'plaintiff'
kerido
'dear'
kímikó
'chemical'
klásikó
'classical'
kleptómanó
'kleptomaniac'
koeredero
'coheir'
kolombiano
'Colombian'
komprometido
'engaged'
kompyado
'confident'
kondensado
'condensed'
konduktór, kunduktór
'driver'
kontemplatibo
'contemplative'
kosako
'Cossack'
krusado
'crossbred'
kulado
'gate crasher, smitten'
kuryoso
'curious'
kusinero
'cook'
kutsino
'filthy'
kuwakero
'Quaker'
kahera
'cashier'
kalyehera
'from/of the street'
kamarera
'waitress'
kamelya
'camel'
kampesina
'peasant'
kandidata
'candidate'
kanonisada
'canonized'
kantada
'predictable'
kantinera
'bartender'
kapitana
'capitan'
kapritsosa
'capricious'
karinyosa
'loving'
kasera
'homebody, homemade'
kásta
'chaste'
katóliká
'Catholic'
kaukáseá
'Caucasian'
kebrada
'bankrupt'
kerelyadóra
'plaintiff'
kerida
'dear'
kímiká
'chemical'
klásiká
'classical'
kleptómaná
'kleptomaniac'
koeredera
'coheiress'
kolombiana
'Colombian'
komprometida
'engaged'
kompyada
'confident'
kondensada
'condensed'
konduktóra, kunduktóra
'driver'
kontemplatiba
'contemplative'
kosaka
'Cossack'
krusada
'crossbred'
kulada
'gate crasher, smitten'
kuryosa
'curious'
kusinera
'cook'
kutsina
'filthy'
kuwakera
'Quaker'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—L
MASCULINE
FEMININE
labandero
'person who does laundry'
lehiyonario
'legionnaire, legionary'
león, liyón
'lion'
lepidóptero
'lepidopterous'
listó, alistó
'ready, bright'
litúrhikó
'liturgical'
loko, luko
'crazy'
lolo, lelong
'grandfather'
lunátikó
'lunatic'
labandera
'person who does laundry'
lehiyonaria
'legionnaire, legionary'
leona
'lion'
lepidóptera
'lepidopterous'
listá
'ready, bright'
litúrhiká
'liturgical'
loka
'crazy'
lola, lelang
'grandmother'
lunátiká
'lunatic'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—M
MASCULINE
FEMININE
masedonyo
'Macedonian'
madrilenyo
'from Madrid'
maestro, mestro
'teacher, master'
malisyoso
'malicious'
manilenyo
'from Manila'
mariano
'Marian'
markés
'marquis'
matón
'thug'
mekanógrapó
'typist'
mediteráneo
'Mediterranean'
megalómanó
'megalomaniac'
mehikano
'Mexican'
mestizo, mistiso
'mestizo'
milagroso
'miraculous'
milyunaryo
'millionaire'
mimoso
'affectionate'
misteryoso
'mysterious'
místikó
'mystic, mystical'
moderno
'modern'
monghe
'monk'
moreno
'dark-skinned'
moro
'Moor'
mutsatso
'servant'
mutsátso
'young boy'
masedonya
'Macedonian'
madrilenya
'from Madrid'
maestra, mestra
'teacher, master'
malisyosa
'malicious'
manilenya
'from Manila'
mariana
'Marian'
markésa
'marquess'
matona
'thug'
mekanógrapá
'typist'
mediteránea
'Mediterranean'
megalómaná
'megalomaniac'
mehikana
'Mexican'
mestiza, mistisa
'mestizo'
milagrosa
'miraculous'
milyunarya
'millionaire'
mimosa
'affectionate'
misteryosa
'mysterious'
místiká
'mystic, mystical'
moderna
'modern'
mongha
'nun'
morena
'dark-skinned'
mora
'Moor'
mutsatsa
'servant'
mutsátsa
'young girl'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—N
MASCULINE
FEMININE
napolitano
'from Naples'
nesesitado
'needy'
negatibo
'negative'
negrito
'Black person'
negro
'Black person'
nené
'kid'
nerbiyoso
'nervous'
neumátikó
'pneumatic'
neurótikó
'neurotic'
nínyo
'boy'
nobisyo
'novice'
nóbyo
'boyfriend'
napolitana
'from Naples'
nesesitada
'needy'
negatiba
'negative'
negrita
'Black person'
negra
'Black person'
nená
'kid'
nerbiyosa
'nervous'
neumátiká
'pneumatic'
neurótiká
'neurotic'
nínya
'girl'
nobisya
'novice'
nóbya
'girlfriend'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—O
MASCULINE
FEMININE
osyoso, usyoso
'idle'
oktabo
'eighth'
okupado, ukupado
'busy'
operaryo
'worker'
ordenado
'ordered'
orgulyoso
'proud'
oso
'bear'
ospisyano
'child who lives in an orphanage'
osyosa
'idle'
oktaba
'eighth'
okupada, ukupada
'busy'
operarya
'worker'
ordenada
'ordered'
orgulyosa
'proud'
osa
'bear'
ospisyana
'child who lives in an orphanage'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—P
MASCULINE
FEMININE
paborito
'favorite'
palestyno
'Palestinian'
panátikó
'fanatic, fanatical'
paraguayo
'Paraguayan'
parmaseútikó, parmasyútikó
'pharmacist, pharmaceutical'
pasibo
'passive'
patron
'guardian'
penikado
'carbolic'
peynadór
'hairdresser'
pensiyonado
'pensioner'
persiyano
'Persian'
píkaró
'cunning'
pilipino, filipino
'Filipino'
pilyo
'scoundrel, thief'
pinlandés
'Finnish'
pitwitaryo
'pituitary'
piyadór
'guarantor'
polynesyo
'Polynesian'
politéknikó
'polytechnic'
póstumo
'posthumous'
prangko
'frank'
premyadór
'awarder'
preparatoryo
'preparatory'
primer, primero
'first'
primo
'cousin'
priór
'prior'
pribado
'private'
pribilehiyado
'privileged'
propeso
'professed'
propesór
'professor'
propyetaryo
'owner'
probinsiyano
'provincial'
pugoso
'ardent'
paborita
'favorite'
palestyna
'Palestinian'
panátiká
'fanatic, fanatical'
paraguaya
'Paraguayan'
parmaseútiká, parmasyútiká
'pharmacist, pharmaceutical'
pasiba
'passive'
patrona
'guardian'
penikada
'carbolic'
peynadora, peinadora
'hairdresser'
pensiyonada
'pensioner'
persiyana
'Persian'
píkará
'cunning'
pilipina, filipina
'Filipina'
pilya
'scoundrel, thief'
pinlandésa
'Finnish'
pitwitarya
'pituitary'
piyadora
'guarantor'
polynesya
'Polynesian'
politékniká
'polytechnic'
póstuma
'posthumous'
prangka
'frank'
premyadóra
'awarder'
preparatorya
'preparatory'
primera
'first'
prima
'cousin'
prióra
'prioress'
pribada
'private'
pribilehiyada
'privileged'
propesa
'professed'
propesóra
'professor'
propyetarya
'owner'
probinsiyana
'provincial'
pugosa
'ardent'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—R
MASCULINE
FEMININE
repormado
'reformist, reformed'
relatibo
'related, relative'
relihiyoso
'religious'
reparado
'repaired'
romano
'Roman'
romántikó
'romantic'
rubyo
'blonde'
ruso
'Russian'
repormada
'reformist, reformed'
relatiba
'related, relative'
relihiyosa
'religious'
reparada
'repaired'
romana
'Roman'
romántiká
'romantic'
rubya
'blonde'
rusa
'Russian'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—S
MASCULINE
FEMININE
sabyo
'wise'
sagrado
'sacred'
santísimó
'saintly'
santo, santó
'holy, saintly'
sátiró
'satyr'
satsatero
'chattering'
sekretaryo, sektaryo
'secretary'
seloso
'jealous'
segundo, sigundo
'second'
senyór, sinyór
'sir'
síbikó
'civic'
sinyorito, sinyurito
'young gentleman'
serbidór
'servant'
seksto, sesto
'sixth'
sigarero
'cigar seller'
sirkero
'ridiculous'
sisilyano
'Sicilian'
simpátikó
'nice, kind'
sirbiyente
'servant'
sobrino
'nephew'
soltero
'single, unmarried'
soró
'fox'
subornado
'bribed'
suplado
'sneaky'
sabya
'wise'
sagrada
'sacred'
santísimá
'saintly'
santa, santá
'holy, saintly'
sátirá
'satyr'
satsatera
'chattering'
sekretarya, sektarya
'secretary'
selosa
'jealous'
segunda, sigunda
'second'
senyora, sinyora
'madam'
síbiká
'civic'
sinyorita, sinyurita
'young woman'
serbidóra
'servant'
seksta, sesta
'sixth'
sigarera
'cigar seller'
sirkera
'ridiculous'
sisilyana
'Sicilian'
simpátiká
'nice, kind'
sirbiyenta
'servant'
sobrina
'niece'
soltera
'single, unmarried'
sorá
'fox'
subornada
'bribed'
suplada
'sneaky'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—T
MASCULINE
FEMININE
talyado
'cut, carved'
takígrapó
'stenographer'
takilyero
'box-office clerk'
tehano
'Texan'
telegrápikó
'telegraphic'
tindero
'shopkeeper'
tercero
'third'
tesorero
'treasurer'
testadór
'testator'
tibetano
'Tibetan'
tiyó
'uncle'
tísikó
'tubercular'
tokayo, tukayo, katukayo
'namesake, someone with same name'
tonto
'dumb'
tostado, tustado
'toasted, tanned'
traidór
'traitor'
tsato
'flat'
tsismoso
'gossipy'
tsongo
'old horse'
tsongo
'monkey'
turko
'Turk, Turkish'
tutór
'mentor'
talyada
'cut, carved'
takígrapá
'stenographer'
takilyera
'box-office clerk'
tehana
'Texan'
telegrápiká
'telegraphic'
tindera
'shopkeeper'
tercera
'third'
tesorera
'treasurer'
testadóra
'testator'
tibetana
'Tibetan'
tiyá, tía
'aunt'
tísiká
'tubercular'
tokaya, tukaya, katukaya
'namesake, someone with same name'
tonta
'dumb'
tostada, tustada
'toasted, tanned'
traidóra
'traitor'
tsata
'flat'
tsismosa
'gossipy'
tsonga
'old horse'
tsonga
'monkey'
turka
'Turk, Turkish'
tutóra
'mentor'
MORPHOLOGICAL GENDER LOANWORDS—U
MASCULINE
FEMININE
ulandés
'Dutch'
últimó
'last'
unggaró
'Hungarian'
usurero
'money-lender'
ulandésa
'Dutch'
últimá
'last'
unggará
'Hungarian'
usurera
'money-lender'
LEXICAL GENDER LOANWORDS
MASCULINE
FEMININE
These noun pairs form masculine-feminine distinctions in a manner distinct from those with morphological gender, i.e. they do not differ maximally by gender morpheme (e.g. -o/-a), but by some other feature, and can have different roots. The majority of these pairs are lexical gender items in Spanish, while others are only lexical gender items in Tagalog.
abád
'abbot'
aktór
'actor'
artsiduke
'archduke'
barón, baronés
'baron'
biskonde
'viscount'
duke
'duke'
emperadór
'emperor'
hapón
'Japanese'
kabalyero
'gentleman'
kantór
'singer'
kompadre, kumpadre, kumpare
'buddy, mate'
konde
'count'
padrastro, padrasto
'stepfather'
papá
'father'
prínsipé
'prince'
abadesa
'abbess'
aktrís
'actress'
artsidukesa
'archduchess'
baronesa
'baroness'
biskondesa
'viscountess'
dukesa
'duchess'
emperatrís
'empress'
haponesa
'Japanese'
dama
'lady'
kantóra, kantatris
'singer'
komadre, kumadre, kumare
'buddy, mate'
kondesa
'countess'
madrasta
'stepmother'
mamá
'mother'
prinsesa
'princess'
CITE THIS PAGE
APA 7
Blazado, C. (2022). Spanish loanwords in Tagalog. Gender in Language Project. www.genderinlanguage.com/tagalog/loanwords
REFERENCES
Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana. (1972). Hispanismos en el tagalo. Madrid: Imnasa.